A synapse is some type of structure located on a neuron, that makes the exange of information between neurons possible.
The two main part of the structure are the neurotransmitter transporter and the receptors, which send and recieve information respectively and are found in every nervous cell.
I have pasted an image below, so you can see how a synapse looks.
Hope it helped,
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It is true but commonly called Richter meter
The independent assortment of genes is a principle of Mendel and of genetics. Since humans are diploid organisms (they have 2 copies of their genetic information), we have that each gamete carries one of the two available alleles for each feature. These gametes are created in equal proportions.
We have that both parents are heterozygous for a feature, lets say H. Thus, their genotype is Hh. Hence, the child will get with probability 50%=1/2 H from the father and 50%=1/2 h from the father; same from the mother. By doing a Punnett square, we get that there is 1/4 chance that the child is HH, 1/2 chance that it is Hh and 1/4 that is hh. Since the disease is recessive (so both alleles are needed), we have that the chance that the kid has the disease is 1/4.