Answer:
Explanation:
Mathematically, linear momentum is expressed as the product of mass and velocity. Linear momentum conservation law states that a body or system of bodies retains its total momentum unless an external force is applied to the system.
In this case, the system consists of two carts.
At the start, the linear momentum (P) of the system is equal to:

It's only composed of linear momentum of the standard cart because cart A doesn't have any linear momentum at that moment.
After the collision, linear momentum has to be the same

where m_A is the mass of the cart A.
Solving for m_A

After the cart A rebounds, the linea momentum of the system has changed (because of the force present in the rebound). The new linear momentum is:

Then, the lump of putty is added to the system, but the linear momentum has to be the same, because we added a mass, not a force. The mass of that putty (m_p) has to be added to the equation of the system

Solving for m_p

Impulse is equal to change in momentum of an object. The only way to change an object's momentum is to apply a force for certain amount of time.
Impulse is calculated as follows: Δp = F * t
Put your values in the right spots and solve for F. In this case since F is multiplied by Time, you will divide both sides by the time to find your answer.
According to the law of reflection, when a ray of light reflects off a surface, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
So in the above situation, if the incident ray makes an angle of 65° with respect to the normal to the mirror's surface, the angle of reflected ray will also be equal to 65 degrees. The attached image will explain this better.
So the answer is,
c. 65 degrees