Answer:
Newton's law of cooling states that the rate of heat loss of a body is directly proportional to the difference in the temperatures between the body and its surroundings. The law is frequently qualified to include the condition that the temperature difference is small and the nature of heat transfer mechanism remains the same. As such, it is equivalent to a statement that the heat transfer coefficient, which mediates between heat losses and temperature differences, is a constant. This condition is generally met in heat conduction (where it is guaranteed by Fourier's law) as the thermal conductivity of most materials is only weakly dependent on temperature. In convective heat transfer, Newton's Law is followed for forced air or pumped fluid cooling, where the properties of the fluid do not vary strongly with temperature, but it is only approximately true for buoyancy-driven convection, where the velocity of the flow increases with temperature difference. Finally, in the case of heat transfer by thermal radiation, Newton's law of cooling holds only for very small temperature differences.
When stated in terms of temperature differences, Newton's law (with several further simplifying assumptions, such as a low Biot number and a temperature-independent heat capacity) results in a simple differential equation expressing temperature-difference as a function of time. The solution to that equation describes an exponential decrease of temperature-difference over time. This characteristic decay of the temperature-difference is also associated with Newton's law of cooling
Answer:
Explanation:
An object is at rest along a slope if the net force acting on it is zero. The equation of the forces along the direction parallel to the slope is:
(1)
where
is the component of the weight parallel to the slope, with m being the mass of the object, g the acceleration of gravity, 
the angle of the slope
is the frictional force, with 
being the coefficient of friction and R the normal reaction of the incline
The equation of the forces along the direction perpendicular to the slope is
where
R is the normal reaction
is the component of the weight perpendicular to the slope
Solving for R,
And substituting into (1)
Re-arranging the equation,
This the condition at which the equilibrium holds: when the tangent of the angle becomes larger than the value of , the force of friction is no longer able to balance the component of the weight parallel to the slope, and so the object starts sliding down.
Answer:
The value of each charge is 4.22 x 10⁻⁵ C
Explanation:
Given;
distance between the two identical charges, d = 2 m
the force of repulsion between these two charges, F = 4N
Apply Coulomb's law;
Therefore, the value of each charge is 4.22 x 10⁻⁵ C
