The bacterial flora assists in the breakdown of foods that the stomach or small intestine missed and helps maintain digestion function The bacterial flora can synthesis vitamin k and b and is helpful barrier for immunity.
Ans. (D). community.
In an ecosystem, a community can be defined as a association or group of organisms of two or more species that occupy the same region, in a particular time. For example, grasses, herbivores (such as deer), and carnivores (such as lion represent a community in a grassland ecosystem that affect each other.
As earthworms and robins belong to two different species, they will represent a community in a beech forest ecosystem.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D).
Answer:
In the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, each pyruvate molecule loses one carbon atom with the release of carbon dioxide. During the breakdown of pyruvate, electrons are transferred to NAD+ to produce NADH, which will be used by the cell to produce ATP.
During anaphase I of meiosis cohesion between sister chromatids is maintained but not during anaphase of mitosis.
During mitosis and meiosis, the equal distribution of chromosomes is dependent on the maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion. Sister chromatids are held together by protein complexes during mitosis and meiosis.
