<span>Mitochondria and
chloroplasts are the result of the process called endosymbiosis. Mitochondria
and the chloroplasts are originally from the prokaryotes. They have the ability
to take up inside a large single cell organism which they help each other in
order to produce energy for each other. Endosymbiosis, from the term symbiosis,
the organisms that are symbiotic is living inside the other pair, just like how
the mitochondria and chloroplasts responds to each other.</span>
B. Decrease. The shrew population is dependent upon the grasshoppers as a prey item. A decrease in the available prey would result in a decrease in the predator population due to lack of resources to support the current population.
Answer:
The C. elegans embryo is a powerful model system for studying the mechanics of metazoan cell division. Its primary advantage is that the architecture of the syncytial gonad makes it possible to use RNAi to generate oocytes whose cytoplasm is reproducibly (typically >95%) depleted of targeted essential gene products via a process that does not depend exclusively on intrinsic protein turnover. The depleted oocytes can then be analyzed as they attempt their first mitotic division following fertilization. Here we outline the characteristics that contribute to the usefulness of the C. elegans embryo for cell division studies. We provide a timeline for the first embryonic mitosis and highlight some of its key features. We also summarize some of the recent discoveries made using this system, particularly in the areas of nuclear envelope assembly/ dissassembly, centrosome dynamics, formation of the mitotic spindle, kinetochore assembly, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis.
1. The C. elegans embryo as a system to study cell division
The C. elegans embryo is a powerful model system for studying the mechanics of metazoan cell division. Its primary advantage is that the syncytial gonad makes it possible to use RNA interference (RNAi) to generate oocytes whose cytoplasm is reproducibly (>95%) depleted of targeted essential gene products. Introduction of dsRNA rapidly catalyzes the destruction of the corresponding mRNA in many different systems. However, depletion of pre-existing protein is generally a slow process that depends on the half-life of the targeted protein. In contrast, in the C. elegans gonad, the protein present when the dsRNA is introduced is depleted by the continual packaging of maternal cytoplasm into oocytes (Figure 1). Since depletion relies on the rate of embryo production instead of protein half-life, the kinetics tend to be similar for different targets. By 36-48 hours after introduction of the dsRNA, newly formed oocytes are typically >95% depleted of the target protein.
Explanation:
D sediment lowers oceanic ph
Answer:
We learned in biology class that every cell in the body has the same DNA. Whether a heart cell, skin cell or muscle cell—they all read from the same genetic blueprint. Now, scientists are learning there is more to the story.
