Equation B has all 4 quantities.
Answer:
These results show that the body regulates its salt and water balance not only by releasing excess sodium in urine, but by actively retaining or releasing water in urine. The advantage of this mechanism is that the long-term maintenance of body fluids isn't as dependent on external water sources as once believed.
Answer:
C) reception, transduction, and response
Explanation:
Plant signaling means that information is conveyed from receptor systems to effectors within and between plant cells.
Signals can be of chemical form or electrical form.
Plant responses to internal and external signals take place in the following sequence:
Reception
Transduction
Response
So, option C) is correct
Answer:
The option c is partly correct.
Explanation:
None of the statements is completely accurate because:
a. Saurischian dinosaurs include theropod and sauropod dinosaurs, and their common ancestors. Ornithischians comprise neornithischians (ornithopods and ceratopsians), thyreophorans (ankylosaurs and stegosaurs) and heterdontosaurids.
b. Capability to fly has only been documented in fossils belonging to Saurischia (where the birds are also classified in). Feathers, on the other hand, do appear in the two clades. Feathers, however, are not a trait exclusively associated to flight.
c. This is a correct comparison between ornithischians and saurischians in the sense that the attributes do belong to these clades, but when comparing animals there most be a comparison that reflects a pattern. Ornithischians have leaf shaped teeth suited to eat plant material, whereas saurischians have teeth for a carnivore and herbivore diet.
d. Sauropods are saurischians and they evolved herbivory from a meat-eater ancestor.
Answer:
B) FADH2 -- FMN of Complex I -- Fe-S of Complex II -- Q -- Fe-S of Complex III -- Cyt c -- Cyt a of Complex IV -- O2
Explanation:
FADH2 and NADH give their high energy electrons to the terminal electron acceptor molecular oxygen via an electron transport chain. As the electrons move through electron carriers of the electron transport chain, they lose their free energy. Part of the free energy of the electrons is used to pump the protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space. Therefore, part of the energy of electrons is temporarily stored in the form of a proton concentration gradient.
NADH gives its electrons to FMN of complex I while FADH2 gives its electrons to the Fe-S center of complex II. Both the complexes are oxidized by coenzyme (Q) which in turn reduces Fe-S centers of complex III. Cyt c of complex IV obtains electrons from complex III and passes them to CuA center, to heme "a" to heme "a3-CuB center" and finally to the molecular oxygen.
So, the compounds arranged with respect to the energy content of electrons in descending order are as follows: FADH2 -- FMN of Complex I -- Fe-S of Complex II -- Q -- Fe-S of Complex III -- Cyt c -- Cyt a of Complex IV -- O2.
