The primary driving force that stabilizes lipid bilayers is the formation of hydrophobic bonds between fatty acid chains in phospholipids and protein.
The cell membrane is made up of phospolipid bilayer with proteins embedded in between
Lipid bilayer is the structure present in the biological membrane. It consist of two layers of lipids with hydrophilic end facing each other and hydrophobic end facing the outer side.
the inner layer has both the hydrophobic end of the lipid molecules facing each other and bonded by hydrophobic bond van der waals forces.
The outer molecules are bonded with the protein molecules through hydrophilic bonds called hydrogen bonds.
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Answer:
RNAs and proteins can bind via electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, Hydrogen bonding interactions and base stacking interactions
Explanation:
Proteins bind to nucleic acids (i.e., both DNA and RNA) through different types of interactions:
- electrostatic interactions, also known as van der Waals interactions, refer to attractive/repulsive interactions between molecules depending on their electric charges.
- hydrophobic interactions, i.e., interactions between nonpolar molecules and water molecules
- Hydrogen bonding interactions resulting from the interaction between a hydrogen (H) atom that bind to an electronegative atom (e.g., N, O, F, etc), and another electronegative atom.
- base stacking interactions that result from the arrangement of RNA nucleotides
In this case, it is also important to highlight that the interaction will depend on the specific tertiary structure of ribosomal proteins and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs).
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<span>B. The overuse of antibiotics. </span>Antibiotics have tremendously helped in in treating infectious diseases but throughout the years, overuse of antibiotics has also been found to contribute in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant diseases, which makes all of us vulnerable because of the lack of treatment for these new strains.
Answer:
Spring tides occur when the sun, moon and earth are lined up, and it causes high and low tides to be much higher (moon is full/new). Neap tides occur when the sun, moon, and earth form a right angle this causes regular high and low tides to be much lower (first quarter and last quarter moon). The moons gravity and suns gravity pull the earths crust and ocean water.
Explanation:
