Answer:
A. the total net force is 14
B. the total net force is 15
Explanation:
The process of soil formation involves the following steps: Accumulation of materials, leaching and losses (because of weather factors particles are leached and eroded away or taken up from the soil by plants), Transformation and illluviation (the chemical weathering<span> of silt, sand, and the formation of clay minerals as well as the change of organic materials into decay resistant organic matter), p</span>odsolisation and translocations (strong acidic solutions breakdown the clay minerals). From the given options soil formation involves both <span>physical and chemical weathering of rocks. Correct answer:D</span>
The first law of thermodynamics can be written as

where

is the variation of internal energy of the system

is the amount of heat absorbed by the system

is the work done by the system on the surrounding.
Using this form, the sign convention for Q and W becomes:
Q > 0 --> heat absorbed by the system (because it increases the internal energy)
Q < 0 --> heat released by the system (because it decreases the internal energy)
W > 0 --> work done by the system (for instance, an expansion: when the system expands, it does work on the surrounding, and so the internal energy decreases, this is why there is a negative sign in the formula Q-W)
W < 0 --> work done by the surrounding on the system (for instance, a compression: when the system is compressed, the surrounding is doing work on the system, and so the internal energy of the system increases)
Years of research have demonstrated that rats are intelligent creatures who experience pain and pleasure, care about one another, are able to read the emotions of others, and would assist other rats, even at their own expense.
<h3>Experiments:</h3>
In trials carried out at Brown University in the 1950s, rats were trained to press a lever for food, but they stopped pressing the lever when they noticed that with each press, a rat in an adjacent cage would scream in pain (after experiencing an electric shock).
Rats were trained to press a lever to lower a block that was hanging from a hoist by electric shocks administered by experimenters. A rat was subsequently hoisted into a harness by the experimenters, and according to their notes, "This animal normally shrieked and wriggled sufficiently while dangling, and if it did not, it was jabbed with a sharp pencil until it exhibited indications of discomfort." Even if it wasn't in danger of receiving a shock, a rat watching the scenario from the floor would pull a lever to lower the hapless rodent to safety.
Learn more about experiments on rats here:
brainly.com/question/13625715
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Answer:
Addition reactions with benzenes lead to the loss of aromaticity.
Benzene and its derivatives undergo a type of substitution reaction in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by a substituent, but the stable aromatic benzene ring is regenerated at the end of the mechanism.
Benzene and its derivatives tend to undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.
Explanation: