They spent the winter of 1777-78 in Valley Forge
The constitutional provision which <span>states that the u.s. constitution and all valid federal laws are superior to all state laws is: </span><span>The </span>Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution<span> (</span>Article VI<span>, Clause 2)
This means that if the result of states law and federal law are contradicting each other, the courts are obligated to follow the Federal law because it hold the higher supremacy</span>
In dual federalism, both the state government and the federal government have their own jurisdiction and respect each other's jurisdictions in legislation without interfering. There is a clear difference in who deals with what and they don't intervene with one another when they are making policies. Because of this, it is also known as the layer cake federalism.
Cooperative federalism is the opposite of dual federalism. In cooperative, both the state government and the national government work together when making policies. It is called also the marble cake federalism because like the marble cake, it's all mixed and not clearly separated into layers.
An example of dual federalism in the United States can be when local, state governments, make policies regarding aid programs to people in the state. The federal government approves and allocates funds but the state can make policies regarding aid to some of its citizens independently of the federal government.
An example of cooperative federalism in the United States can be making policies regarding environmental protection. For example, the federal government can make a set of laws to protect the environment and reduce carbon dioxide emission, while a state government can create a local program that would help factories switch to clean energy in order to adhere to the law.
Answer:
The beginning of the Great Depression in the United States is considered to be August 1929, when the industrial production index reached its peak. At that time, money was tightly tied to gold reserves, which limited the money supply. At the same time, production grew. At the turn of the century, new types of goods such as cars, planes, radios appeared. The number of goods in mass and by assortment has increased many times. As a result of the limited money supply and the growth of the commodity supply, strong deflation arose - a fall in prices, which caused financial instability, the bankruptcy of many enterprises, and loan defaults. A powerful multiplier effect has hit even growing industries.
From the standpoint of monetarism, the US Federal Reserve monetary policy triggered the crisis. A sharp decline in money supply by one third between August 1929 and March 1933 was a huge brake on the economy, and was the result of the incompetence of the Fed leadership.
This period was characterized, on the one hand, by very powerful technical changes, and on the other, by the abundance of capital, which allowed both updating capital and expanding stock exchange operations, as a result of which the speculative “bubble” increased.
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