Explanation:
Many factors can affect the rate of diffusion , including , but not limited to , concentration gradient , size of the particles that are diffusing , and temperature of the systems , diffusion of substances in and out of cells is mediated by the plasma membrane .
Answer:
Phosphates are critical part of life because of the diverse roles they perform in the lives of living organisms, especially in DNA and RNA molecules.
Phosphates are formed from two elements, phosphorus and oxygen. Phosphorus is a very important element that play a crucial roles in the formation of bones and teeth. It is also plays vital roles in carbohydrate metabolism, fat metabolism, protein synthesis and repair of worn out tissues. Oxygen on the other hand is required for oxidation of biological fuel and for breathing.
Phosphates are usually formed from one atom of phosphorus and four atoms of oxygen, it has the chemical formula PO4. Phosphate is an important component of DNA and RNA molecules, phosphates hold these molecules together. Phosphate molecule is also found in ATP, which is the energy currency of living cells.
Answer: The correct options are statement first and fourth that is -
It is synthesized toward the replication fork and it is synthesized in the 5′ to 3′ direction.
Leading strand in DNA is the strand of new DNA being synthesized in the same direction where the replication fork is moving. The movement of replication fork allows the access of template for the new DNA.
The DNA synthesis is continuous in the leading strand. It is synthesized in the 5' to 3' as DNA synthesis always takes place in this direction. This is because dNTP ( deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate) provides free 3' OH group where new dNTP can be added by the enzyme DNA polymerase.
Answer:
12 molecules of ATP can be made from one molecule of acetyl CoA.
Explanation:
If one molecule of acetyl CoA enter TCA cycle then it result in the formation of 3 molecules of NADH,1 molecule of FADH2 and 1 molecule of GTP that is equivalent to 1 molecule of ATP.
Now the reducing equivalent such as NADH and FADH2 enters electron transport chain and get oxidized to regenerate NAD+ and FAD along with ATP. 1 molecule of NADH produces 3 molecules of ATP whereas 1 molecule of FADH2 produces 2 molecules of ATP.
So that net gain of ATP is given below
3 molecules of NADH = 9 molecules of ATP
1 molecule of FADH2 =2 molecules of ATP
1 molecule of GTP = 1 molecule of ATP
As a result total 12 molecules of ATP is by the oxidation of 1 Acetyl CoA by TCA cycle .
