Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a gentic disorder which has an impact on numerous physiological systems. PWS affected individuals (specifically babies) experience delayed growth, significant hypotonia (low muscle tone), and feeding issues. It does effect circadian rhythms in mice models.
SNORD116, often referred to as HBII-85, is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule that contributes to the alteration of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). Unlike the majority of other snoRNAs, SNORD116 is not significantly complementary to ribosomal RNA and is expressed widely in the brain (but not in PWS patients).
According to the studies, SNORD116 cause sleep defect in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. Same observation was seen in mouse models too. Paternal expression of SNORD116 is thought to be a potential gene for the sleep disruptions/circadian rhythm’s that the majority of PWS sufferers.
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Answer:
fruit weight
Explanation:
In an experiment, the dependent variable is the variable that responds to the changes made to the independent variable. In other words, the dependent variable, as the name implies, is DEPENDENT on another variable called independent variable. The dependent variable is the variable that is measured or recorded by the experimenter during the experiment.
In this case where a student is studying the effect of fertilizer on fruit growth. He uses 6 tomato plants, which were given different concentrations of fertilizer (independent variable). After the experiment, the weight of the tomato fruit were measured. This means that the FRUIT WEIGHT is the dependent or responding variable.
Answer:
Mushrooms and plants all need energy to grow. But the sources of their energy differs.
Explanation:
Sun is the ultimate source of energy for any living organisms to grow and make their food. While plants takes energy from the sun directly and make their food, while the mushrooms which is not a plant does not take energy from the sun directly.
Mushrooms utilizes the energies which is collected by the different organism which collects their energy from the sun such as organisms like the bacteria and plants. Mushrooms grow well in darkness as darkness helps to retain moisture. Mushrooms does not have chlorophyll to make food.
Plants have chlorophyll. And they direct absorb energy from the sun light to make their own food.
Answer:
Answered below.
Explanation:
The nerve fibres of the autonomic nervous system that connects the ganglia to the the central nervous system are called preganglionic fibres. They are divided into sympathetic preganglionic fibres and parasympathetic preganglionic fibres and both have acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter.
The sympathetic preganglionic is shorter compared to the parasympathetic preganglionic fibres. They originate from the hypothalamus and brainstem and project to the ganglia non the spinal cord. A ganglion is a cluster of nerves outside the central nervous system.
The preganglionic sympathetic fibres originating from T1-T2 innervate the cervical ganglion which innervates the muscles of the pupils (dilators).
The postganglionic fibres originating from the preganglionic fibres of T11-L3 passes through splenic, celiac and mesenteric ganglia to innervate the kidneys and renal vessels.
