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Nina [5.8K]
4 years ago
8

Biological muscle cells can be thought of as nanomotors that use the chemical energy of ATP to produce mechanical work. Measurem

ents show that the active proteins within a muscle cell (such as myosin and actin) can produce a force of about 8.0 pN and displacements of 8.0 nm. How much work is done by such proteins?
Biology
1 answer:
bearhunter [10]4 years ago
7 0

Answer:

The answer is 6.4 × 10^{-20} Joules

Explanation:

This question wants to effectively test your knowledge of the names of the negative powers of 10, so first of all, before calculating, let me explain what each of the symbols in the units given in the question means:

Force = 8.0 pN = 8.0 × 10^{-12} N

displacement = 8.0 nm = 8.0 × 10^{-9} N

Now let us calculate the work.

work = Force × Displacement

work = 8.0 × 10^{-12}  × 8.0 × 10^{-9} = 64 × 10^{-21}

= 6.4 × 10^{20} Joules (in standard form)

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Jon likes hiking. He observes that whenever he hikes up a hill he breathes heavier than when he is on flat ground. Which 2 state
Alekssandra [29.7K]

Answer:

-Sensors in the brain detect a lack of oxygen.

-The muscles in his body need more energy and therefore more oxygen.

Explanation:

-Sensors in the brain detect a lack of oxygen.

-The muscles in his body need more energy and therefore more oxygen.

-The body has too little carbon dioxide to maintain function.

-The body is using carbon dioxide instead of oxygen to make energy.

-Blood pressure has decreased, so less blood is being pumped to the muscles.

<em>The correct answer would be that </em><em>sensors in the brain detect a lack of oxygen</em><em> and t</em><em>he muscles in the body of Jon need more energy and therefore, more oxygen.</em>

At sea level, the atmospheric pressure easily allow oxygen to permeate the cells of the lung and diffuse into the blood. At high altitudes, air pressure is generally lower and permeation/diffusion through the cells of the lung into the blood becomes difficult.

<u>Without adequate oxygen, the body cannot generate energy needed for physical activities of muscles. Consequently, the sensors in the brain detect a lack of oxygen and the body system reacts by breathing heavily to compensate for the oxygen shortage.</u>

6 0
3 years ago
A standard PCR cycle includes three steps: denaturation (95°C), annealing (55°C), and elongation (65°C).
xz_007 [3.2K]

Answer:

Denaturation process: The DNA template  

Annealing process: Primers  

Elongation process: dNTPs and Taq polymerase

Explanation:

For the denaturing process, the only ingredient that is required is the DNA template that will be separated from a double helix (or double strand) into a single strand, by increasing the temperature to 95 C, (at this temperature the hydrogen bonds that keep together the double stranded break). After the double strand is denatured, the following process is annealing. For this, the required ingredient are the primers; these primers will hybridize or anneal according to the nucleotide complementarity to the single strand of the DNA. Finally, for the Elongation process, you will require the Taq polymerase and the dNTPs. The enzyme will synthesize or “generate” a new strand of DNA based on the DNA template, using the provided dNTPs in the direction 5’ to 3’.

I hope this clarify you inquiry.  

6 0
3 years ago
In terms of natural selection, what is the best description of an organism that is fit?
kodGreya [7K]

Answer:

Those organisms are fit which has the ability to survive in harsh climatic condition and transfer their traits to the next generation through the process of reproduction.

Explanation: Fit means they are strong and compete with other organisms for food, shelter and other survival items. Those organisms which are not fit could not survive in harsh environmental conditions and removed from that ecosystem.

6 0
4 years ago
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