The first one is correct. In a planned economy, also known as a command economy, the state determines prices and allocates resources.
The size and enthusiasm of the American forces bolstered the French and British.
Propaganda was one way. I can’t think of any others right away.
In 1969, Nixon halted the dumping of toxics into the Great Lakes. Nixon was responsible for the push to develop the Environmental Protection Agency. He created the Council on Environmental Equality in 1970 and passed the Clean Air Act in 1972.