<span>The building blocks for lipids are three fatty molecules and one glycerol molecule.They join to form a simple fat, or triglyceride. Proteins building blocks are amino acids. Amino acids are small molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. Nucleic acids building blocks are nucleotides which are connected to form long chains,</span>
Answer: Phagocyte receptors that detect PAMPs
Explanation:
TLRs or Toll-like receptors, are a family of proteins that are part of the innate immune system. TLRs are transmembranous and recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are groups of chemical characteristics common to certain types of pathogens. Patterns detected by TLRs include lipopolysaccharide, a compound found on the surfaces of Gram-negative bacteria, and double-stranded RNA, which is an integral part of the life cycles of many viruses. These PAMPs are generally important for the survival of the pathogen, so they are well preserved. <u>Activation of these receptors induces inflammatory responses in leukocytes of myeloid lineage, signaling via NF-κB, which is a transcription factor that activates pro-inflammatory genes</u>. Activated TLRs also increase the production of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80, CD86 and CD40. These proteins, expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, are necessary for the activation of T-lymphocytes by dentritic cells and macrophages already showing antigens in their MHC type II molecules (Major Histocompatibility Complex, they participate in the presentation of antigens to T lymphocytes)
<u>In addition, TLR-mediated signaling on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) plays an important role in linking the innate and adaptive immune responses</u>.
The symptom that the client is experiencing is consistent with the deficiency in the Vitamin A which is a dietary element. The vitamin A is responsible for causing dryness to the eyes if a person is lacking this type of dietary element as Vitamin A is the one responsible for providing healthy vision for an individual.
The parasympathetic nervous system responds when the body is relaxed and at rest while sympathetic nervous system is responsible for response to emergency situation.
Explanation:
- The sympathetic nervous system is called fight or flight division while the parasympathetic nervous system is the rest and digest division.
- The pre-ganglionic neurons of sympathetic nervous system arises from lumbar and thoracic regions of spinal chord while the preganglionic neurons of parasympathetic nervous system arises from the brain and sacral region of the spinal cord.
- The sympathetic nervous system decreases the activity of digestive system while the parasympathetic nervous system increases the activity of digestive system.
- Sympathetic nervous system dilates bronchioles while parasympathetic nervous system constricts bronchioles.
- Sympathetic nervous system increases blood pressure while parasympathetic nervous system usually do not effect blood pressure.
- Sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate while parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate.
When our stomach digests the food, the carbohydrates in the food break down into another type of sugar called glucose.
