Answer: In anaerobic respiration, glucose breaks down without oxygen. The chemical reaction transfers energy from glucose to the cell. Anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid, rather than carbon dioxide and water.
Explanation:
When a pathogen comes in contact with your body, it has to breach the first line of defense to get inside. Your skin and mucus membranes are the main barrier here. Mucus traps the pathogens, and then is forced out of your body when you cough or blow your nose. Your skin also secretes chemicals that have antiviral properties, killing viruses on contact. If the pathogens get through that defense, the next line is non-specific immunity cells that patrol your tissues engulfing pathogens. There are other cells that do this, like macrophages, but the dendritic cells are most important for activating the third line of defense in your body.
Dendritic cells reside in your tissues, waiting for an invader to arrive. When they do find one, they engulf it and digest it. After they do this, they select pieces of the invader called antigens and put them on their surfaces. The dendritic cells migrate back to lymph nodes, key locations in your body filled with immune cells. There, they show the antigens, called antigen presentation, to two types of lymphocytes, T-cells and B-cells, activating them for a full immune response.
Binary fission occurs primarily in prokaryotes, while mitosis only occurs in eukaryotes Binary fission is a simpler and faster process than mitosis. The third main form of cell division is meiosis.
Answer:
All the offsprings would be heterozygous purple colored flower
Explanation:
Given
Purple color flower is dominant over white color flower
Let the allele for purple color of flower be represented by "P"
and the allele for white color flower be represented by "p"
A pea plant that is homozygous purple-flowered is crossed with a pea plant that is white-flowered.
Genotype of homozygous purple-flower is "PP"
and Genotype of homozygous white-flower is "pp"
Cross between PP and pp produce the following offspring
PP * pp
Pp, Pp , Pp , Pp
All the offsprings would be heterozygous purple colored flower
Answer:
Explanation:
Cellular respiration generally involves breaking down of large organic molecules to release ATP (energy). Citric Acid cycle, also known as Kreb's cycle or Tricarboxylic acid cycle is the second stage of the cellular respiration (unique to aerobic organisms). Citric acid cycle occurs in the intracellular space or matrix of the mitochondria of eukaryotes.
Glycolysis, which is the first step of cellular respiration, produces pyruvate which is then converted to Acetyl CoA in order to enter the Kreb's cycle by first combining with oxaloacetate. Generally, citric acid cycle involves an eight-steps reaction consisting of series of reduction-oxidation, hydration, dehydration, decarboxylation reactions, with each step catalyzed by different enzymes.
In a nutshell, oxaloacetate is generated back at the completion of the cycle alongside 2 molecules of CO2, one GTP/ATP molecule and electron donors; NADH2 and FADH2. These reduced electron donors enter the third step of aerobic cellular respiration and act as the first electron donor in the Electron transport chain.
