1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
JulijaS [17]
3 years ago
11

Hello, a little help please guys:( Explain how the series of experiments performed by Crookes, Thomson, Rutherford, and Chadwick

represent the process of developing and refining a scientific theory.
Chemistry
1 answer:
White raven [17]3 years ago
7 0
<span>I did some investigation and summarized the process and made a clearer explanation so those who are confused can imagine the process better :) A scientific theory attempts to explain and describe why things happen. Hypotheses are formed and experiments are done to validate or toss the hypothesis based on the data collected. The Atomic Theory has gone through lots of refining as a scientific theory. For instance, William Crookes conduced an experiment with cathode ray tubes powered by electricity that glowed when powered. Crookes placed an object in between the positive and negative electrode and concluded that the shadow made on the positive side was small particles of matter traveling from the negative side. But more evidence was needed so, later on, J.J. Thomson continued Crookes experiment. He tested what would happen if a negative or positive charged rod was placed along the ray tubes and if it would differ if a different element was used as the negative electrode. Thomson found out that the beam had negatively charged particles and that even if the negative electrode is substituted, the glow is still present, meaning that all elements also had the small negative particles. These particles(now known as electrons) were smaller than the atom and were added to the model of the atom dispersed throughout the neutrally charged atom inside its positive sphere. Now came along Rutherford hoping to support Thomsons model by firing positively charged particles at a thin gold foil thinking it would go straight through the foil, but instead it evenly distributed as they went through the foil, concluding that atoms have a small, dense nucleus(containing positive protons and most of the mass of the atom) that deflected the particles passing through. This was a drastic change in the model now knowing that 1 proton has 2000 times the mass of an electron, but its positive charge cancels the negative electron. After WW1, Chadwick and others were seeing that sometimes the mass of the atom was greater than the mass of the protons and the number of protons was less than the mass of the atom. So it was thought that there were extra electrons and protons adding mass in the nucleus but cancelling their charges, but Rutherford proposed a particle with mass but no charge and called it a neutron; made of paired protons and electrons. But scientists kept studying atoms since there was no evidence of the neutron. Chadwick repeated these experiments though, in hopes to find the neutron and succeeded in 1932, finding it in the nucleus with a close mass to the proton. Thanks to these experiments for refining a scientific theory, we now have a clearer model of the atom.</span>
You might be interested in
PLEASE HELP QUICK THANKS
blondinia [14]

Answer:

1. the intermingling substance one within another

2. equilibrium

3. caused by collisions with container walls

4. measure of average kinetic energy

5. determined by mass and speed.

Explanation:

7 0
3 years ago
Which mixture would be best to use as a wash for removal of the alkylcatechol from skin exposed to poison ivy?water and baking s
Rudiy27

The question is incomplete. Here is hte complete question.

The components of poison ivy and poison oak that produce the characteristic itchy rash are cathecols substituted with long-chain alkyl groups. The image is attached.

If you were exposed to poison ivy, which of the treatments below would you apply to the affected area? Justify your choice.

(a) Wash the area with cold water.

(b) Wash the area with dilute vinegar or lemon juice.

(c) Wash the area with sopa and water.

(d) Wash the area with soap, water and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)

Answer: (d) Wash the area with soap, water and baking soda.

Explanation: Alkyl is hydrophobic, which means it doesn't "mix" with water. To make it more soluble in water, soap helps to dissolve the chemical compound. As shown in the image, alkylcathecol is mildly alkaline. Baking soda is a salt that also helps dissolve it by ionizing with the -OH group, which makes it more soluble.

Although lemon juice and vinegar are acids, they are weak acids and so, won't have a strong effect on the alkylcathecol.

As said before, alkyl is hydrophobic, so plain water won't affect in any way the cathecol.

6 0
3 years ago
Please help I need help
slava [35]

Answer:

Covalent

Ionic

Ionic

Ionic

Explanation:

CO_{2}  - Covalent

Rest all of them are Ionic bonds in Nature.

7 0
3 years ago
The mass of a solid copper penny is 5.43 g. How many copper atoms are in the penny?​
romanna [79]

3.46 g Cu 1 mol Cu 6.02*10^23 atoms Cu =

63.55 g Cu 1 mol Cu

3.28*10^22 atoms Cu

5 0
3 years ago
Calculate the molarity of 6.631 g NANO3 in 100.0 mL of solution<br><br><br>add stepss
riadik2000 [5.3K]

Answer:

0.7802 M

Explanation:

<u>Data:</u>

  • V (volume) = 100.0 mL → V = 0.1000 L
  • m (mass) = 6.631 g → n = 0.07802 mol

<u>Wanted: </u>

  • M (Molarity)

<u>Equation: </u>

M = \frac{mol}{L}

<u>Solution:</u>

1. Convert mL to L:

  • V = 100.0 mL x \frac{1 L}{1000 mL} = 0.1000 L

2. Convert g to mol:

  • n = \frac{6.631 g}{84.9947 g/mol} = 0.07802 mol

3. Molarity Equation:

  • M = \frac{0.07802 mol}{0.1000 L} = 0.7802 M
3 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Other questions:
  • A student drank a bottle of water during a car ride up a mountain. At the top of the mountain, the student capped the plastic bo
    9·1 answer
  • How is a weak acid DIFFERENT from a dilute acid?
    14·2 answers
  • How many moles of gas would occupy a 25.0 liter when the temp is 22.0 degrees celsius and the pressure is 646 torr
    10·1 answer
  • Select all of the answers that apply. Which of the following are ways the atmosphere supports life?
    10·1 answer
  • A sample of solid NH 4HS is placed in a closed vessel and allowed to equilibrate. Calculate the equilibrium partial pressure (at
    10·1 answer
  • If a compound contains an anion which is the conjugate base of a weak acid, the addition of hydronium ion solubility does what ?
    7·1 answer
  • If an atom has 35 protons in nucleus how many neutrons will it have orbiting the nueclues
    15·1 answer
  • Compare the two types of optical telescopes
    11·1 answer
  • Please I need to submittttt​
    6·1 answer
  • 12 moles of sodium into grams
    5·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!