First of all, Britain was the first to industrialize. Let that be known. But other than that, they industrialized because after the discovery of raw cotton in India, their output of cotton clothing did not match what the market wanted. So there was a race to see who could basically make cotton the fastest. Other than this, science of the enlightenment improved other aspects of city life and attracted more rural subjects to the cities.
Nicolaus Copernicus was the one who proposed the heliocentric theory.
Because Communism was spread through Central America a lot.
