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3 years ago

15

Assume that the cart is free to roll without friction and that the coefficient of static friction between the block and the cart

is μs. Derive an expression for the minimum horizontal force that must be applied to the block in order to keep it from falling to the ground. Express your answer in terms of acceleration of gravity g and some or all of the variables m, M, and μs.

2 answers:

Dahasolnce [82]3 years ago

6 0

Answer: $F=\frac{(M+m)g}{\mu _s}$

Explanation:

Given

Trolley of mass M is free to roll without friction

coefficient of friction between trolley and mass m is $\mu _s$

Force F is applied on mass m

Acceleration of the system is

$a=\frac{F}{M+m}$

friction Force will balance weight of block

friction force $=\mu _sN$

$N=ma$

$\mu _sN=mg$

$\mu _sma=mg$

$\mu _s=\frac{g}{a}$

$F=\frac{(M+m)g}{\mu _s}$

Ainat [17]3 years ago

3 0

Answer:<em> </em>N = <em>fa/g</em>

Explanation:

if the block is not to fall,the friction force, <em>f , </em>must balance the block's weight :

<em>f = mg</em><em>. </em>But the horizontal motion of the block is given by <em>N = ma</em>

Therefore,

<em>f / N = g/ a </em><em> </em>

<em>or </em><em>a = g/f / N</em>

Since the maximum value of <em>f / N is μs</em><em>, </em>we must have <em>a</em> ≥ <em>g/μs,</em><em> </em>if<em> </em>the block is not to fall. Q.E.D

N = <em>fa/g</em>

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3 years ago

Identify the following physical quantities as scalars or vectors.

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Position displacement velocity acceleration are vectors and the rest are scalars

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3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

To understand how to find the velocities of objects after a collision.

trasher [3.6K]

There are some information missing on Part D: Let the mass of object 1 be m and the mass of object 2 be 3m. If the collision is perfectly inelastic, what are the velocities of the two objects after the collision? Give the velocity v_1 of object one, followed by object v_2 of object two, separated by a comma. Express each velocity in terms of v.

Answer: Part A: v_1 = 0; v_2 = v

Part B: v_1 = v_2 = $\frac{v}{2}$

Part C: v_1 = $\frac{v}{3}$ ; v_2 = $\frac{4v}{3}$

Part D: v_1 = v_2 = $\frac{v}{4}$

Explanation: In elastic collisions, there no loss of kinetic energy and momentum is conserved. Momentum is determined as p = m.v and kinetic energy as K = $\frac{1}{2}$ m. $v^{2}$

Conserved means that the amount of initial momentum is equal to the amount of final momentum:

$m_{1}$ . $v_{1i}$ + $m_{2}$ . $v_{2i}$ = $m_{1}.v_{1f} + m_{2}.v_{2f}$

No loss of energy means that initial kinietc energy is the same as the final kinetic energy:

$\frac{1}{2}(m_{1}.v_{1i} + m_{2}.v_{2i}) = \frac{1}{2} (m_{1}.v_{1f} + m_{2}.v_{2f} )$

To determine the final velocities of each object, there are 2 variables and two equations, so working those equations, the result is:

$v_{2f} = \frac{2.m_{1} } {m_{1} + m_{2} }.v_{1i} + \frac{(m_{2} - m_{1})}{m_{1} + m_{2} } . v_{2i}$

$v_{1f} = \frac{m_{2} - m_{1} }{m_{1} + m_{2} } . v_{1i} + \frac{2.m_{2} }{m_{1} + m_{2} } .v_{2i}$

For all the collisions, object 2 is static, i.e. $v_{2i}$ = 0

<u>Part A</u>: Both objects have the same mass (m), $v_{1i}$ = v and collision is elastic:

v_1 = $\frac{m_{2} - m_{1}}{m_{1} + m_{2} } . v_{1i}$

v_1 = 0

v_2 = $\frac{2.m_{1} }{m_{1} + m_{2}}.v_{1i}$

v_2 = $\frac{2.m}{m+m}.v$

v_2 = v

When the masses are the same and there is an object at rest, the object in movement stops and the object at rest has the same same velocity as the object who hit it.

<u>Part B</u>: Same mass but collision is inelastic: An inelastic collision means that after it happens, the two objects has the same final velocity, then:

$m_{1}$ . $v_{1i}$ + $m_{2}$ . $v_{2i}$ = $m_{1}.v_{1f} + m_{2}.v_{2f}$

$m_{1}.v_{1i} = (m_{1}+m_{2}).v_{f}$

$v_{f} = \frac{m_{1}.v_{1i}}{m_{1} + m_{2} }$

v_1 = v_2 = $\frac{m.v}{m+m}$

v_1 = v_2 = $\frac{v}{2}$

<u>Part C:</u> Object 1 is 2m, object 2 is m and elastic collision:

v_1 = $\frac{m_{2} - m_{1}}{m_{1} + m_{2} } . v_{1i}$

v_1 = $\frac{2m - m}{2m + m } . v$

v_1 = $\frac{v}{3}$

v_2 = $\frac{2.m_{1} }{m_{1} + m_{2}}.v_{1i}$

v_2 = $\frac{2.2m}{2m+m}.v$

v_2 = $\frac{4v}{3}$

<u>Part D</u>: Object 1 is m, object is 3m and collision is inelastic:

v_1 = v_2 = $v_{f} = \frac{m_{1}.v_{1i}}{m_{1} + m_{2} }$

v_1 = v_2 = $\frac{m}{m+3m}.v$

v_1 = v_2 = $\frac{v}{4}$

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4 years ago

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3 years ago

A force in the +x -direction with magnitude F(x)=18.0N−(0.530N/m)x is applied to a 7.90 kg box that is sitting on the horizontal

dsp73

Answer:

$v\approx 8.570\,\frac{m}{s}$

Explanation:

The equation of equlibrium for the box is:

$\Sigma F_{x} = 18\,N-(0.530\,\frac{N}{m} )\cdot x = (7.90\,kg)\cdot a$

The formula for the acceleration, given in $\frac{m}{s^{2}}$ , is:

$a = \frac{18\,N-(0.530\,\frac{N}{m} )\cdot x}{7.90\,kg}$

Velocity can be derived from the following definition of acceleration:

$a = v\cdot \frac{dv}{dx}$

$v\, dv = a\, dx$

$\frac{1}{2}\cdot v^{2} = \int\limits^{17\,m}_{0\,m} {\frac{18\,N-(0.530\,\frac{N}{m} )\cdot x}{7.90\,kg} } \, dx$

$\frac{1}{2}\cdot v^{2} =\frac{18\,N}{7.90\,kg} \int\limits^{17\,m}_{0\,m}\, dx - \frac{0.530\,\frac{N}{m} }{7.90\,kg} \int\limits^{17\,m}_{0\,m} {x} \, dx$

$\frac{1}{2}\cdot v^{2} = (2.278\,\frac{m}{s^{2}})\cdot x |_{0\,m}^{27\,m}-(0.034\,\frac{1}{s^{2}})\cdot x^{2}|_{0\,m}^{27\,m}$

$v =\sqrt{2\cdot[(2.278\,\frac{m}{s^{2}})\cdot x |_{0\,m}^{27\,m}-(0.034\,\frac{1}{s^{2}})\cdot x^{2}|_{0\,m}^{27\,m}] }$

The speed after the box has travelled 17 meters is:

$v\approx 8.570\,\frac{m}{s}$

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3 years ago