In a nutshell, the cruel and unusual punishment clause measures a particular punishment against society's prohibition against inhuman treatment. It prevents the government from imposing a penalty that is either barbaric or far too severe for the crime committed.
Answer: D. A large percentage of Americans became factory workers in cities
Explanation: The industrial revolution caused rapid urbanization in America, with people moving from the countryside to the cities in droves. ... The industrial revolution also caused a rise in unskilled labor. Prior to the 19th century, most Americans who were not employed in agriculture performed a skilled trade.