The way to achieve this impartiality – to free judges to decide cases based on what the law actually requires, and on nothing else – is to ensure that the judiciary is independent, or, put differently, not subject to reprisals for decisions on the bench.
But judicial independence is not an absolute or singular value defining our courts. The principle of judicial restraint is equally important – and it is inextricably linked to judicial independence. At one level, the tension between the two seems inescapable. But there is an important sense in which an independent judiciary and judicial restraint are flip sides of the same coin. Both aim to minimize the influence of extraneous factors on judicial decision-making. A judge must not decide a case with an eye toward public approbation, because whether a particular result is popular is irrelevant to whether it is legally sound. In the same way, a judge must not consult
Oligarchy is the political system that is run by a group of noble families or wealthy members of a society. The term Oligarchy was first used by the great Aristotle for describing the powers that were held by a very small and highly privileged group. These people often misused their powers and treated the people under their rule very poorly and also used them to satisfy their selfish needs. It has been commonly seen that the rulers that believed in Oligarchy actually selected people on herediterary basis and not based on merit.
The colonists criticized the Stamp Acts as "taxation without representation", because the colonists did not have consent over this form of taxation imposed on them. It was a decision made in the British Parliament without anyone representing the colonies when this decision was upheld.
Something that motivated Europeans for distant places is the search for money and other materials such as spices, silk , and more
War and violence. While epidemic disease was by far the leading cause of the population decline of the American indigenous peoples after 1492, there were other contributing factors, all of them related to European contact and colonization. One of these factors was warfare.
