European leaders responded to Islamic expansion in a very violent way. Following the initial incursions of the Islamic forces in those years, the European leaders decided it was time to take up arms and fight them in their own lands - what followed were the Crusades.
The ottoman, safavid, and mughal empires rose as a result of the invention of gun powder by the Chinese.
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<h3>The Ottoman Empire</h3>
The Ottoman Empire was an empire that controlled a large percentage of Southeastern Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa. The reign of the Ottoman empire started in the 14th and ended in the early 20th centuries.
It was founded in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I.
<h3>Safavid Empire</h3>
The Safavid dynasty was one of the largest dynasties to emerge in Iran from 1501 to 1736. it originated from the Safavid order of Sufism, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Iranian Azerbaijan region.
<h3>Mughal Empire</h3>
The Mughal Empire which was founded in the year 1526, also referred to as the Mogul or Moghul Empire, was an early modern empire in South Asia.
Learn more about the ottoman empire at brainly.com/question/711874
Learn more about the Safavid empire at brainly.com/question/11049223
Learn more about the mughal empire at brainly.com/question/1594484
The start of thirty years of military rule
The game boy got discontinued in the early 2000s
