Overall, the Protestant Reformation and the Counter/Catholic Reformation changed the face of society in Europe. Before the Reformation, Europe was united behind a single faith, with a strong Church for guidance. By the end, Europe is divided religiously, and strong monarchs fill the leadership void left as a result of a weakened Catholic Church.
No, this is false, since the real terms for the energy necessary to overcome the attractions of electrons to the nucleus is referred to as "ionization energy".
