Answer:Light coming from the fish refracts (changes direction) when it hits the surface. A person above the water sees the apparent position of the fish closer to the surface than the real position of the fish.
Explanation: refraction of light between air and water
Answer:
Sunlight does not reach the bottom.
Explanation:
It honestly depends on how deep, Coral is more suited for shallow waters, where sunlight reaches.
Answer:
The microorganism–microorganism or microorganism–host interactions are the key strategy to colonize and establish in a variety of different environments. These interactions involve all ecological aspects, including physiochemical changes, metabolite exchange, metabolite conversion, signaling, chemotaxis and genetic exchange resulting in genotype selection. In addition, the establishment in the environment depends on the species diversity, since high functional redundancy in the microbial community increases the competitive ability of the community, decreasing the possibility of an invader to establish in this environment. Therefore, these associations are the result of a co-evolution process that leads to the adaptation and specialization, allowing the occupation of different niches, by reducing biotic and abiotic stress or exchanging growth factors and signaling. Microbial interactions occur by the transference of molecular and genetic information, and many mechanisms can be involved in this exchange, such as secondary metabolites, siderophores, quorum sensing system, biofilm formation, and cellular transduction signaling, among others. The ultimate unit of interaction is the gene expression of each organism in response to an environmental (biotic or abiotic) stimulus, which is responsible for the production of molecules involved in these interactions. Therefore, in the present review, we focused on some molecular mechanisms involved in the microbial interaction, not only in microbial–host interaction, which has been exploited by other reviews, but also in the molecular strategy used by different microorganisms in the environment that can modulate the establishment and structuration of the microbial community.
Explanation:
FCRL4 is an immuno-regulatory receptor that is usually expressed by memory cells that are located in the lymphoid tissues in a region called the sub-epithelial region. During the time of autoimmune disease responses, the glutathione and the FCRL4 function as pro-inflammatory for t-cells and b-cells respectively.
Hydrogen
Iron
Aluminum
Copper
Sodium
Carbon
Silver
Mercury
Gold
Lead
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