Answer:
A forecast with a large cumulative sum of forecast errors
Explanation:
Answer:
Immune system of the body helps in fighting with the infectious agents that are foreign for the body. So the immune system protects us from infection.
When any foreign substance(antigen) comes in the body B-lymphocyte recognize it by binding the antigen through its receptor. After recognizing the antigen, B cell divides into antibody-producing plasma cell and memory cell.
Antibodies produced by plasma cells help in destroying the antigen by getting the antigen recognized by phagocytic cells or by complement activation.
B cells are antigen-presenting cell which present antigen to T cell and then T cell activates and produce chemicals that kill the antigen. Therefore the immune system has many immune cells that activate when an antigen comes in the body. This is how the immune system functions.
Answer:
MNP stands for the most probable number which is used for finding out the concentration of viable bacteria in a sample. It is commonly used to check the quality of water and its safety. Usually, the presence of fecal coliform bacteria is checked in this test.
Principle of MNP: The sample which is to be tested is diluted serially and then inoculated into a broth medium containing lactose. If coliforms are present in the tube than it will consume lactose and release acid and gas.
Color change represents acid production and gas trapped in the Durham tube represents the gas production by bacteria. Then the number of tubes at each dilution that showed positive results are compared with standards to determine the most probable number of the bacteria.
Answer:do you do
The first line of defense involves which structure(s)?
Explanation:
