Answer:
The correct answer is: overstate
Explanation:
The substitution bias in economic index numbers appears when the possibility of a consumer to change the consumption of a good - that has become more expensive relative to others - for a cheaper one, is ignored. Thus, looking at the CPI (Consumer Price Index), as an indicator of how much the consumer cost of living has raised over time, without eliminating the substitution bias, can over-estimate this inflation effect.
Both civil and criminal cases equally
We can actually deduce here that the acid secretions from an ulcer in the stomach damaging the underlying connective tissue will actually lead to increased <u>hydrochloric acid</u> production.
<h3>What is stomach ulcer?</h3>
Stomach ulcer actually refers to the sore that is seen in the stomach lining that is caused by stomach acid which damages the digestive tract.
We see that that the acid secretions from ulcer actually lead to increased hydrochloric acid production.
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