the membrane provides the energy to make ATP. H+ ions cannot directly cross the thylakoid membrane. The protein ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through it. As H+ ions pass through ATP synthase, it rotates & the energy is used to bind ADP & a phosphate group together to produce ATP.
the correct answer is D. for example per say an animal sadly dies. Then bacteria break down dead plants or other living things using decomposition, and later on use nutrients for plants to grow. and it is a cycle on and on and on.