Glucose is the preferable source of energy for E. coli cells. By adding small amounts of glucose, 0.05% in this case, it would enable cell growth to proceed as usual until it has reached mid log growth phase. At this point, the small amount of glucose added should have been depleted and the E.coli cell will now be dependent on lactose present as its source of nutrients. Lactose will also inactivate lac repressors and given the lack of glucose, CAP binding to high amounts of cAMP will be activated and increase expression of lac operon genes.
It should be noted that this system of expression may not tightly regulate the expression of lac operon before the E.Coli reaches exponential phase. As lactose is still present, lac repressors will be inactivated throughout the entire experiment and hence small amounts of proteins might be produced even when not auto-induced. After auto-induction, CAP-cAMP protein complex will simply upregulate expression of lac operon genes.
Hydrophobic and hydrophilic bond/interactions are common bond that forms long chains of proteins.
Some complex forms of proteins are made of subunits in which molecules bond together to form a larger unit. A good example is the blood protein hemoglobin. Hemoglobin consists of protein subunits known as the globin molecules. These subunits are folded chains of a large number of different amino acids which are known as polypeptides.
Answer:
TTGAGCCTA
Explanation:
A is paired with T and C is paired with G, so switch each gene with it opposite
C) nervous system signal conduction and muscular
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