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Jet001 [13]
3 years ago
13

In both photosynthesis and respiration, an electrochemical proton gradient drives chemiosmosis. what establishes the electrochem

ical gradient across a membrane to provide energy for atp production?
Biology
1 answer:
just olya [345]3 years ago
6 0

Hydrogen ions. Hydrogen ions are pumped across the membrane during electron transport. They are giving around the membrane by ability of energetic delivery. This establishes an electrochemical ability around the membrane like the single responsible for the action of nerve cells. Nerve cells use Potassium ions.  

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Keith_Richards [23]

Astrocytes perform the function of all of the given options i.e., induce the formation of the blood-brain barrier, physically support neurons, are important in the repair of brain injuries and in neural formation, take up excess K from the brain ECF.

  • Both invertebrates and vertebrates have Astrocytes, a star-shaped cell kind of neuroglia, in their nervous systems.
  • Astrocytes can be separated into protoplasmic and fibrous kinds. In the central nervous system's white matter, myelinated nerve fibers are frequently surrounded by fibrous astrocytes.
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b) The development of the blood-brain barrier is aided by the Astrocytes

c) Astrocytes support neurons physically and metabolically.

d) Astrocytes help in transfer of blood-borne materials to the neuron, and injury response of the brain and repair of brain injuries.

e) They also help with detoxification, migratory guidance, energy metabolism regulation and removal of excess K from brain ECF.

learn more about astrocytes here: brainly.com/question/6966928

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2 years ago
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