Since the perimeter of the triangle abc is 36, you have:
Perimeter of abc = 36 ab + ac + bc = 36 x + x + y = 36 (eq. 1) 2x + y = 36
The triangle is isosceles (it has two sides with equal length: ab and ac). The line perpendicular to the third side (bc) from the opposite vertex (a), divides that third side into two equal halves: the point d is the middle point of bc. This is a property of isosceles triangles, which is easily shown by similarity.
Hence, we have that bd = dc = bc/2 = y/2 (remember we called bc = y).
The perimeter of the triangle abd is 30:
Permiter of abd = 30 ab + bd + ad = 30 x + y/2 + z =30 (eq. 2) 2x + y + 2z = 60
So, we have two equations on x, y and z:
(eq.1) 2x + y = 36 (eq.2) 2x + y + 2z = 60
Substitute 2x + y by 36 from (eq.1) in (eq.2):
(eq.2') 36 + 2z = 60
And solve for z:
36 + 2z = 60 => 2z = 60 - 36 => 2z = 24 => z = 12
The measure of ad is 12.
If you prefer a less algebraic reasoning:
- The perimeter of abd is half the perimeter of abc plus the length of ad (since you have "cut" the triangle abc in two halves to obtain the triangle abd).
- Then, ad is the difference between the perimeter of abd and half the perimeter of abc:
First convert all of the fractions into the same denominator. 1/3 = 2/6. Add the new fraction of history books and the fraction for english books. 2/6 + 1/6 = 3/6. Subtract the total from 1 or 6/6. 6/6 - 3/6 = 3/6. The answer is 3/6 or 1/2 when reduced. 50% or 1/2 of the books are science books.
