Answer:
1. When the number of calories a person consumes is equal to the number of calories he or she burns in a day, that person's body is in Energy Balance.
2. Someone who is in Positive Energy Balance eats more calories in a day than he or she bums.
3. Negative Energy Balance occurs when the number of calories a person bums in a day is greater than the amount he or she consumes.
4. Weight management involves applying strategies that allow someone to keep his or her body weight within a healthy.
5. The Basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy uses in order to perform its basic physiological functions.
6. The Thermic effect of food refers to the number of calories burned in order to digest absorb, metabolze, and store food.
7. The Lean body mass refers to his or her total body - fat mass.
Explanation:
This group of statements are related to body weight, the balance between the energy we consume through food and all the energy we burn through excercise and different activities, such as only mantaining our body temperature and normal processes.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:
Question: Innate immunity:
a) is based on recognition of antigens that are specific to a pathogen.
b) is the first and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens
c) is found only in vertebrates
d) depends on an infected animal's previous exposure to a pathogen
Answer:
b) is the first and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens
Explanation:
Innate immunity is the nonspecific immune response that provides immediate and the most general protection against all types of pathogens, parasites, toxins and cancer cells. Innate immune responses serve to prevent the pathogens from entering the body. The components of innate immunity also rapidly destroy those pathogens that have entered the body.
Some of the components of innate immunity are the first line of defense such as the physical and chemical barriers of the skin and mucous membranes. The components of the second line of defense such as natural killer cells, phagocytes and inflammatory response are also involved in innate immune responses.
For example, cuticle or skin serves as a physical barrier to pathogens that come in contact with an animal’s body. Phagocytosis kills the bacteria that invade the body.
The normal membrane potential inside the axon of nerve cells is –70mV, and since this potential can change in nerve cells it is called the resting potential. When a stimulus is applied a brief reversal of the membrane potential, lasting about a millisecond, occurs. This brief reversal is called the action potential
<span>A stimulus can cause the membrane potential to change a little. The voltage-gated ion channels can detect this change, and when the potential reaches –30mV the sodium channels open for 0.5ms. The causes sodium ions to rush in, making the inside of the cell more positive. This phase is referred to as a depolarisation since the normal voltage polarity (negative inside) is reversed (becomes positive inside). </span>
<span>Repolarisation. At a certain point, the depolarisation of the membrane causes the sodium channels to close. As a result the potassium channels open for 0.5ms, causing potassium ions to rush out, making the inside more negative again. Since this restores the original polarity, it is called repolarisation. As the polarity becomes restored, there is a slight ‘overshoot’ in the movement of potassium ions (called hyperpolarisation). The resting membrane potential is restored by the Na+K+ATPase pump.</span>
Adaptation because organisms adapt to avoid extinction.
