Answer:
You can predict geno/pheno types using a Punnet square.
Explanation:
Some traits appear more often because they are dominant. Dominant traits win out over recessive genes.
The most important idea is that the genetic material of any organism must be able to accurately replicate itself at least every generation (or for multicellular organisms at each cell division).
Base pairing (A-T or U and C-G)allows DNA and RNA (eg in polio virus, see Wikipedia page on RNA dependent RNA polymerase) to create a copy of themselves, when the appropriate enzymes are present. Proteins have no way of making a copy of themselves.
Stability is probably the main reason DNA is the most common genetic material. DNA has no enzymatic activity and was probably selected for to maintain the integrity of the genetic material (rather than having to perform a function for the cell/virus, during which it may be destroyed). The double helix structure also protects its integrity, and proofreading enzymes have also evolved which correct most of the mistakes made at DNA replication. RNA viruses don't have this mechanism- which could be said to be an advantage (as they can rapidly change and therefore avoid their hosts' immune systems), however in non-parasitic organisms most mutations in a gene would lead to a loss of an essential function and the extinction of that genome.
I don't think either of these reasons are relevant, but I think the main reasons retroviruses convert their RNA to DNA are so they can use the host cell's replication machinery (this was they do not need to encode as many genes), and secondly they need avoid the antiviral mechanisms of the cell, which would destroy any double stranded RNA molecules found (even if the virus was single stranded, dsRNA would have to be produced at replication).
Gravitational push<span>, like a gigantic landslide away from the </span>ridge<span> crest toward the subduction zone (the lithosphere slides on the asthensosphere) </span>Slab pull<span>: results when the lithospheric plate moves farther from the </span>ridge<span> and cools, gradually becoming denser than the asthenosphere beneath it
Hope this helps. :)</span>
Answer:
hope this helps helps you a lot
my handwriting is bad sorry for that bhai
