Answer:
All living things must produce offspring like themselves in order for their species to survive. This is the process known as reproduction. Plants produce seeds that give rise to new plants of the same species. Animals lay eggs or have babies.
Explanation:
Explanation:
There are several types of antibodies and antigens, and each antibody is capable of binding only to a specific antigen. ... Antigens are bound to antibodies through weak and noncovalent interactions such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions.
Antibodies attach to a specific antigen and make it easier for the immune cells to destroy the antigen. T lymphocytes attack antigens directly and help control the immune response. They also release chemicals, known as cytokines, which control the entire immune response.
A protein's shape directly affects how well it works. For instance, a protein works as a protective protein or a structural protein if its structure is fibrous, as is the case with proteins like collagen and keratin. The protein becomes denatured and ceases to serve its intended purpose if the structure of the amino acids is altered in any way.
<h3>What are amino acids?</h3>
Organic substances known as amino acids have both functional groups for amino and carboxylic acids. Alpha-amino acids, which make up proteins, are by far the most significant amino acids in nature, despite the fact that there are hundreds of other types. The genetic coding only contains 22 alpha amino acids. An organic compound is an amino acid. Carbon-hydrogen bonds are present in organic compounds. All amino acids share a similar fundamental structure. Each molecule has a core carbon atom that is joined to a hydrogen atom, a basic amino group, a carboxylic acid group, and an R-group, also known as a side-chain group.
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Answer:
Explanation: Guard cells in the plants prevent water loss from it in cases of soil dryness or high temperature by closing themselves. If this does not happen, water will keep leaving the plant by the process of transpiration in these harsh conditions and the plant will not have the important medium for the homeostasis process to continue.
