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Assoli18 [71]
3 years ago
15

A rectangular plate casting has dimensions 200mm x 100mm x 20mm. The riser for this sand casting mold is in the shape of a spher

e. The casting takes 3.5mins to solidify. Calculate the diameter of the riser so that it takes 20% longer for the riser to solidify
Engineering
1 answer:
9966 [12]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Diameter of riser =6.02 mm

Explanation:

Given that

Dimensions of rectangular plate is 200mm x 100mm x 20mm.

Volume of rectangle V= 200 x 100 x 20 mm^3

Surface area of rectangle A

A=2(200 x 100+100 x 20 +20 x 200)mm^2

So V/A=7.69

We know that

Solidification times given as

t=K\left(\dfrac{V}{A}\right)^2   -----1

Lets take diameter of riser is d

Given that riser is in spherical shape so V/A=d/6

And

Time for solidification of rectangle is 3.5 min then time for solidificartion of riser is 4.2 min.

Lets take \dfrac{V}{A}=M

\dfrac{M_{rac}}{M_{riser}}=\dfrac{7.69}{\dfrac{d}{6}}

Now from equation 1

\dfrac{3.5}{4.2}=\left(\dfrac{7.69}{\dfrac{d}{6}}\right)^2

So by solving this d=6.02 mm

So the diameter of riser is 6.02 mm.

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For air, r= 1.4

To find the Mach number we use:

Po/P = [1 + (r - 1/2) M^2] ^ r^/^r^-^1

1.5 * 10^6 / 5 * 10^4 =[ 1 + (1.4 -1 /2) (M^2) ] ^ 1^.^4^/^1^.^4^-^1

0.3 * 10^2 = (1 + 0.2M^2) ^3^.^5

(0.3 * 10^2)^(1/3.5) = 1 + 0.2M^2

2.6426 = 1 +0.2M^2

2.6426 - 1 = 0.2M^2

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M = sqrt(1.6426/0.2)

M = 2.866

To find Total Temperature :

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Consider a unidirectional continuous fiber-reinforced composite with epoxy as the matrix with 55% by volume fiber.i. Calculate t
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Explanation:

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Longitudinal moduli  given as ;

E= E₁V₁+E₂V₂

E= 2.41 x 0.45 + 72.5 x 0.55 GPa

E= 40.95 GPa

II)

E₁ = 2.41 GPa  ,V₁=1-0.55 = 0.45

E₂ =230 GPa   ,V₂=0.55

Transverse moduli given as:

\dfrac{1}{E}=\dfrac{V_1}{E_1}+\dfrac{V_2}{E_2}

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A civil engineer is analyzing the compressive strength of concrete. The compressive strength is approximately normal distributed
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Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

Solution:-

- A study on compressive strength of a concrete was made. The distribution of compressive strength ( experimental testing ) was normally distributed with variance ( σ^2 ).

- A random sample of n = 12 specimens were taken and the mean compressive strength ( μ ) of 3500 psi was claimed.

- We are to test the claim made by the civil engineer regarding the mean compressive strength of the concrete. The data of compressive strength of each specimen from the sample is given below:

            3273, 3229, 3256, 3272, 3201, 3247, 3267, 3237,

                          3286, 3210, 3265, 3273

- We will conduct the hypothesis whether the mean compressive strength of the concrete conforms to the claimed value.

      Null hypothesis: μ = 3500 psi

      Alternate hypothesis: μ ≠ 3500 psi

- The type of test performed on the sample data will depend on the application of Central Limit Theorem.

- The theorem states that the sample can be assumed to be normally distributed if drawn from a normally distributed population. ( We are given the population is normally distributed; hence, theorem applies )

- We will approximate the mean of the population ( μ ) with the sample mean ( x ), as per the implication specified by the theorem.

- The mean of the sample ( x ) is calculated as follows:

    x = \frac{Sum ( x_i )}{n} \\\\x = \frac{Sum ( 3273+ 3229+ 3256+ 3272+ 3201+ 3247+ 3267+ 3237+ 3286+ 3210+ 3265+3273 )}{12} \\\\x = \frac{39016}{12} \\\\x = 3251.3333

 

- Since, we are testing the average compressive strength of a concrete against a claimed value. Any value that deviates significantly from the claimed value is rejected. This corroborates the use of one sample two tailed test.

- The test value may be evaluated from either z or t distribution. The conditions for z-test are given below:

  • The population variance is known OR sample size ( n ≥ 30 )    

- The population variance is known; hence, we will use z-distribution to evaluate the testing value as follows:

              Z-test = \frac{x - u}{\sqrt{\frac{sigma^2}{n} } } \\\\Z-test = \frac{3251.333 - 3500}{\sqrt{\frac{1000^2}{12} } } \\\\Z-test = -27.24      

- The rejection region for the hypothesis is defined by the significance level ( α = 0.01 ). The Z-critical value ( limiting value for the rejection region ) is determined:

           Z-critical = Z_α/2 = Z_0.005

- Use the list of correlation of significance level ( α ) and critical values of Z to determine:

          Z-critical = Z_0.005 = ± 2.576

- Compare the Z-test value against the rejection region defined by the Z-critical value.

     Rejection region: Z > 2.576 or Z < -2.576

- The Z-test value lies in the rejection region:

            Z-test < Z-critical

           -27.24 < -2.576 .... Null hypothesis rejected

Conclusion: The claim made by the civil engineer has little or no statistical evidence as per the sample data available; hence, the average compressive strength is not 3500 psi.

- To construct a confidence interval for the mean compressive strength ( μ ) we need to determine the margin of error for the population.

- The margin of error (ME) is defined by the following formula:

              ME = Z^*. \frac{sigma}{\sqrt{n} }

Where,

- The ( Z* ) is the critical value for the defined confidence level ( CI ):

- The confidence interval and significance level are related and critical value Z* is as such:

   

            α = 1 - CI , Z* = Z_α/2

- The critical values for ( CI = 99% & 95% ) are evaluated:

           α = 1 - 0.99 = 0.01 , α = 1 - 0.95 = 0.05

           Z* = Z_0.005        ,   Z* = Z_0.025

           Z* = ± 2.58            ,   Z* = ± 1.96

- The formulation of Confidence interval is given by the following inequality:

                 [ x - ME  <    μ    <   x + ME ]

                 [ x - Z*√σ^2 / n   <    μ    <   x + Z*√σ^2 / n ]

- The CI of 95% yields:

   [ 3251.33 - 1.96*√(1000 / 12)   <    μ    <   3251.33 + 1.96*√(1000 / 12) ]

                [ 3251.333 - 17.89227 <    μ    <   3251.33 + 17.89227 ]

                              [ 3233.44  <    μ    <  3269.23  ]

- The CI of 99% yields:

   [ 3251.33 - 2.58*√(1000 / 12)   <    μ    <   3251.33 + 2.58*√(1000 / 12) ]

                [ 3251.333 - 23.552 <    μ    <   3251.33 + 23.552 ]

                              [ 3227.78  <    μ    <  3274.88  ]

                 

- We see that the width of the confidence interval increases as the confidence level ( CI ) increases. This is due to the increase in critical value ( Z* ) associated with the significance level ( α ) increases.    

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