Answer:
It was held by the Court that parts of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 were unconstitutional because they exceeded the powers granted to Congress under the Commerce Clause and the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause.
Explanation:
In 1994, Christy Brzonkala alleged that she was raped by Antonio Morrison and James Crawford, in which she filed a complaint under Virginia Tech's Sexual Assault Policy. While Morrison was later found guilty with immediate suspension of two semesters, and Crawford was not punished. Brzonkala later filed another complaint against Morrison, Crawford and Virginia Tech in Federal district court, alleging that, Morrison's and Crawford's attack violated 42 USC section 13981, part of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (VAWA), which provides a federal civil remedy for the victims of gender-motivated violence.
However, Morrison and Crawford, moved to dismiss Brzonkala's suit on the ground that section 13981's civil remedy was unconstitutional
Cases that must be heard by court usually only include cases that deal with direct violations of the Constitution, bankruptcy cases, cases dealing with any crimes on federal property, and cases where the United States is a party.
Answer:
Kindly check explanation
Explanation:
Three different levels of government can be distinguished in most nations ; these levels include Local, State and Federal.Each level having having a certain degree of freedom and jurisdiction. The local level is closest to the citizen and lowest in terms of hierarchy as they see to district and county developments. This is followed by the state and then the highest level which is the Federal level, whose power and rule Supercedes the prior levels.
However, electing heads into this levels depending on the system of government being practiced in the country are almost similar. In a democratically controlled nation, electing a leader at the local level involves balloting and vote casting by members belonging to that particular district or are council. The state on the other hand covers a broader area, Hence, all citizens belonging to districts and councils within the state and have attained voting requirements can exercise their franchise. The federal level takes a cumulative vote cast of all states of the federation when making a decision on who becomes the federal ruler of the nation.
