Some animals can<span> regenerate parts of the body, and production of new cells </span>are<span>achieved by </span>mitosis<span>. </span>Meiosis is<span> a reductive cell division. ... </span>If meiosis did not occur<span>, fusion of </span>gametes would result in<span> a doubling of the chromosomes for each successive </span>sexually reproduced<span> generation. Genetic Variation.</span>
Answer and Explanation:
- The normal function of the CFTR protein is to transport Cl- ions as it works as a chlorine channel regulated by AMPc and by protein kinase K (PKA). CFTR is also a regulator for other ionic channels. The CFTR protein expresses in the luminal portion of the secretory and absorptive epithelial membranes and they have an important role in the secretion of electrolytes activated by AMPc and intracellular calcium. This protein constitutes the way out of Cl-from the lumen. Apart from its secretory function, CFTR protein also regulates the function of the electrolyte by inhibiting the epithelial Na+ channel activity in absorptive epithelial cells from the colon and aerial vias, and by activating the Na+ channel in sudoriparous conducts.
- Given that defects on the CFTR protein take to a defective regulation in the Na+ channel, the cystic fibrosis characterizes for alterations in electrolytes secretions and absorption. There are two important physiopathological mechanisms:
1) altered Cl- secretion in submucous glands,
2) increased Na+ absorption and consequent electrolytes hyperabsorption in the superficial epithelium.
Patients with cystic fibrosis are incapable of increasing their secretory transport. On the contrary, the increased epithelial Na+ conductance in apical membranes, the paracellular permeability to Cl- and elevated permeability to water, all together, do not allow a higher osmotic transepithelial gradient, which leads to a hyperabsorption in the patient epitheliums. The superficial liquid layer in the aerial vias decrease, mucous glands are not released from the mucus and the mucociliary clearance is strongly altered in aerial vias.
- The Lumacaftor (VX-809) is a drug directed to type II mutations. These mutations are present in an elevated number of patients with CF and include Phe508del that is the most frequent mutation. Ivacaftor (VX-770), is a drug directed to type III mutations in homozygote patients for Phe508del.
Given that lumacaftor helps the movement of Phe508del CFTR to the cell surface and the ivacaftor increases the opening time and the Cl- conductance through the epithelial cell, the treatment can be possible with a combination of the two drugs.
Another alternative compound is VX-661 that <u>is being studied</u>. Its efficiency is being evaluated by itself and together with ivacaftor.
Answer:
Weathering is very important to human life since it helps us to describe the formation of various landforms, leading to the formation of building materials like clay and the remnant of weathered rock like granitic tors can act as a tourist attraction.
The correct answer is option a, that is, Vitamin K.
Vitamin K is primarily produced by the bacteria in the large intestine. The dietary sources include the green photosynthetic parts of the plants. The vitamin plays an essential role in the development of many blood-clotting factors in the liver, and their deficit can result in bleeding disorders.
There are two sources of vitamin K; this includes phylloquinone or vitamin K1, which is mainly found in green leafy vegetables and menaquinone or vitamin K2 that is produced by some kinds of intestinal bacteria.
The best answer is A.
The lytic cycle is considered the main cycle in viral replication. Once the viral DNA enters the cell, it transcribes itself into the host cell's messenger RNAs and uses them to direct the ribosomes.
The host cell's DNA is destroyed and the virus takes over the cell's metabolic activity and begins to use the cell's energy for its own propagation and within a short while, when the cell gets overcrowded with the viral progeny, the original virus releases enzymes to break the cell wall. The cell wall bursts. This process is called lysis. The new viruses are then released.
