I think the correct phrase for the answer is, dissolve the political bands. It was the political bands that tie the American people as a British colony. Thomas Jefferson clearly states the bond between the states that prohibits them from their freedom.
An economic downturn.
http://factsanddetails.com/russia/History/sub9_1f/entry-4990.html
The Soviet Union turned a rural, agrarian society into one of the largest economic powerhouses in the world. The breakup greatly effected it.
A. John Jay was the first chief justice of the US Supreme Court. He became that on September 26, 1789, and remained chief justice until 1795.
The answer is D. Sunni rulers.