The best and most correct answer among the choices provided by the question is the first choice "adaptation"
Random distribution<span> is rare in nature as biotic factors, such as the interactions with neighboring individuals, and abiotic factors, such as climate or soil conditions, generally </span>cause<span> organisms to be either clustered or spread.</span>
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The Biotic and Abiotic factors cause the organisms to be in group or in split form. The evolution does not involve in distribution of species. As evolution occurs with the changes in the environment and also due to mutations. The location of continents has no role in species distribution. The adaptation is process which allow an organism to survive in conditions other than favorable environment of the organism.
