They wanted to show that one is better than the other, Rights.
Many shifted in voting due to racial issues and other political issues depending on the states
Chinese rulers claimed they had the "Mandate of Heaven" which gives them the ability to rule over China. Even earlier rulers claimed that they were a god in the flesh or a descendant of one.
Sociology is a science every bit as much as biology or chemistry. Social sciences, like natural and biological sciences, use a vigorous methodology. This means that a social scientist clearly states the problems he or she is interested in and clearly spells out how he or she arrives at their conclusions. Generally, social scientistsground the procedure in a body of existing literature. This is precisely how other sciences function.
So, sociology is a science which attempts the interpretive understanding of social action in order thereby to arrive at a causal explanation of its course and effects.