1. breeding of individuals that have genes for two different characteristics:
DIHYBRID CROSS.
We call it a dihybrid cross when we are considering a cross between two different traits.
"di" means having two traits involved (for example, trait A and trait B), the "hybrid" means that each trait will have two different alleles (for gene A: A or a; for gene B: B or b), one is dominant and the other is recessive.
2. a grid system used to predict possible combinations of genes due to random fertilization: PUNNETT SQUARE
The Punnett square is a grid system that helps us predict an outcome of a cross or a breeding experiment. We this, we can determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype.
This is very useful when we are considering more than one gene, making it less confusing.
3. a condition in which both alleles are dominant: CODOMINANCE
Tere are alleles that have the capacity of dominating at the same time, and when an organism is heterozygotic, both alleles are expressed.
For example, a white chicken(WW) crossed with a black chicken (BB): 100% of the offspring being WB. With this genotype, they have black feathers and white feathers. It's not a blend of colors, but a case where both are expressing.
4. when more than two alternatives exist for a gene: MULTIPLE ALLELES
Mendel thought that only two possible alternatives could exist for a gene, but there are cases that have more than 3 possibilities. Some of those can be really popular in a population while others not so much.
This happens with rabbit's fur. They can be black, brown, grayish,
Himalayan patterning or white fur.
5.a condition in which neither pair of alleles is dominant or recessive, so the traits blend in the phenotype: INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
Some alleles are not completely dominant, and when that's the case the phenotype of a heterozygous organism will be a mix between the phenotypes of its homozygous parents.
For example:
plant 1: RR -red
plant 2: rr-white
By crossing this plants we will obtain 100% of the offspring with a color mix: pink.(genotype: Rr)
Red and white are not completely dominating so it results in a blend of colors.
Polypeptide chains undergo some modifications before they become fully functional. Some of these modifications include: proteolytic cleavage, lipidation and glycosylation. Proteolytic cleavage refers to the removal of some amino acids from a polypeptide chain by proteases in order for the protein to become active. An example of a substance that is modified through this process is insulin.
Answer:
Niche
Explanation:
Niche basically is the lifelihood of a species that involves feeding on what, drinking from what....
If both species are competing for the same resources, they would compete until a certain species is eradicated. (think of it as 2 species of ants in 2 colonies that are close to each other, take the same leaves, prey and stuff. They would fight with each other in other until one colony is eradicated.) hence, unless a species and adapt and change its niche, both species would fight until one is eliminated. Thus, the principle states that 2 species cannot continue to occupy the same niche, not living environment.
Answer:
Leaf cells contain chloroplasts. Photosynthesis happens in the chloroplasts as they hold vitality from the sun. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which influences leaves to seem green.
The tissues of the leaf in the middle of the epidermal cells, into which gases diffuse from the stomata, are called mesophyll. The mesophyll can be additionally separated into two layers, the palisade layer, and the springy layer, both of which are stuffed with chloroplasts, the production lines of photosynthesis.
Explanation:
~_~~_~-.
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Plasma membrane,DNA,ribosomes,and ctyoplasm
