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2 years ago

Which of the following shows an unsaturated fatty acid?

Biology

1 answer:

astra-53 [7]2 years ago

8 0

Answer: Option (c) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

A long hydrocarbon chain that consists a terminal carboxylic group is known as a fatty acid.

An unsaturated fatty acid consists a double bond within the fatty acid chain. If a fatty acid contains more than one double bond then it is known as polyunsaturated fatty acid.

For example, oelic acid has chemical formula $C_{18}H_{34}O_{2}$ is an unsaturated fatty acid.

Therefore, we can conclude that option (c) represents an unsaturated fatty acid.

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black coffee has a pH of 5, therefore its H+ concentration is ______ times greater than a solution with a pH of 10.

Tju [1.3M]

Answer:

100,000

Explanation:

pH of coffee = 5

pH of solution = 10

Concentration of H+ ions between successive pH values are in multiples of 10

Hence, the pH difference :

pH of solution - pH of coffee

(10 - 5) = 5

Hence, difference in H+ ions will be :

10^5 = 10*10*10*10*10 = 100,000 times

6 0

2 years ago

Which examples describe how a migratory bird will meet the challenge of reproducing?

skelet666 [1.2K]

<span>The challenge of reproducing is one of important manners which distinguishes migratory birds from another birds. The question is that which examples descrbe such manners, and for that, we can choose A, C and D</span>

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3 years ago

_____ is the oldest possible age that members of a species can attain, whereas _____ is the number of years the average newborn

tankabanditka [31]

Maximum life span is the oldest possible age that members of a species can attain, whereas average life expectancy is the number of years the average newborn in a particular population group is likely to live.

Every living organisms pass through birth, growth, reproduction, old age, death. this period is called as life span.

<h3>What is death? </h3>

When all life activities are stopped in an individual organisms due to various reasons like ageing, disease, accidents, etc. it is called death.

Also some fully grown living organisms divides physically into two daughters, thus ending its independent existence.

<h3>What is living? </h3>

The objects with specific form and structure exhibits growth, development, reproduction, responsiveness and other unique characteristics of life. it is called living beings.

The living world is wonderful with wide range of living organisms. the earth is populated by various types of plants and animals.

Life is a complex organization of chemical molecules that express itself by chemical reactions leading to specific characteristics like cellular structure, growth, development, reproduction, adaptation, consciousness, death, etc.

Learn more about living here :

brainly.com/question/5836819

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2 years ago

What role can exosomes play in disease treatment? who can tell me detailed information? Any help would be appreciated. Thanks in

jolli1 [7]

Answer:

Exosomes as Therapeutic Target

Given the fact that elevated exosome levels are often correlated with greater severity of different types of cancer, reducing circulating exosomes to normal levels is one of therapeutic strategies to increase treatment efficacy. There are different approaches to modulate exosome production: 1) Inhibition of exosome formation: inhibit crucial proteins involved in exosome formation pathway; 2) Inhibition of exosome release: inhibit important regulators of exosome release process, increased intracellular Ca2+, change cellular microenvironmental pH; 3) Inhibition of exosome uptake: add proteinase for surface proteins on exosomes may serve as receptors for uptake pathways. In addition to control exosomes production, removal of exosomes from the entire circulatory system might be a novel strategy for cancer treatment.

Exosomes could also be used as cancer immunotherapy becasue tumor-derived exosomes carry antigens that is a great source of specific stimulus for the immune response against tumors. Both tumor-derived and dendritic cell-derived exosomes have showed capability to stimulate tumor antigen-specific responses in experimental animal models and human clinical trials.

Exosomes as Targeted Drug Delivery Vehicles

Exosomes became one of the most common methods applied in drug delivery system because of several advantages they have. Firstly, exosomes normally have a small size 40-100 nm, which is more homogenous compared to other microvesicles. This will lead them to evade rapid clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte and enhances passage through fenestrations in the vessel wall. Secondly, due to their endogenous origin, they are less toxic for and better tolerated by the immune system. It facilitates them to avoid causing side effects that normally occur with synthetic nanoparticles. Additionally, the specific ligand or protein expressed on the exosome surface increases efficiency of cargo into the cytosol of the target cell, and therefore fewer off-target effects. Exosomes are generally found most useful as a drug delivery medium in cancer therapy, anti-inflammation and gene interference therapy such as transferring of miRNA.

There are different kinds of cargos encapsulated by exosomes, especially like siRNA or miRNA. The delivery of RNA is attracting because they are rapid degradation in cell circulation and have the limitation in passing through the membrane and in cellular uptake. Chemotherapeutics loaded into exosomes is also used for cancer therapy such as doxorubicin. In principle, there are four key components to achieve correct functionality and efficacy during exosomes drug delivery:1) Choosing the donor cell type to produce drug-carrying exosomes; 2) Using correspond methods to encapsulate the exosomes cargo; 3) Enhancing the specificity of cargo delivery by targeting peptides on the surface of the exosomes; 4) Administrating exosomes to target the area of disease.

Explanation:

https://www.creative-biostructure.com/exosome-applications-652.htm

5 0

2 years ago

Describe how four spheres are considered an open system

Morgarella [4.7K]

Answer:

These four subsystems are called "spheres." Specifically, they are the "lithosphere" (land), "hydrosphere" (water), "biosphere" (living things), and "atmosphere" (air). Each of these four spheres can be further divided into sub-spheres.

6 0

2 years ago