The Catholic church in Italy was controlled by the medieval popes, and the bishops were often worldly figures to nobles. The controversy of lay investiture was initiated by a decree from Pope Gregory VII in 1075, ended in an 1122 compromise called the Concordat of Worms. Pope Innocent III, in the 1200s, used tools such as spiritual to bring the church to the height of its political power.
They thought they would die on the way & they did not want to take their risk
Spanish conquistadors in the New World sought almost exclusively gold. This was the primary reason they were endorsed in their ventures by the kings/queens, who paid them handsomely.
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