Answer:
All the given statements are correct except b.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) refers to the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of drug or a chemical that would normally limit its growth or kill it.
It makes it difficult for the existing drugs to eliminate the infection as they become less effective against the microbe.
There are five major mechanisms by which a microbe attains resistance against antimicrobial chemical or drug:
- Drug modification or inactivation: A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent. For example, few bacteria produce β-lactamases which provide multi-resistance against β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin, cephalosporin etc.
- Alteration or modification of target site: An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target. For example, alteration of penicillin binding protein (PBP) in Methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>(MRSA).
- Alteration of metabolic pathway: The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway. For example, sulfonamides-resistant bacteria started using preformed folic acid in place of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA).
- Decreased drug accumulation: Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent (before it could do any damage) by pumping it out of the cell.
- Decrease in cell permeability: The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased
I am guessing that the molecule type will try to take over the cell OR it will excrete to much waste for the cell to handle and the cell will die.
I am just guessing, but I hope this helps
Chronic kidney disease is when your kidney is not functioning properly. Kidneys contain filters called nephrons. It is the their job to filter the blood of waste products and extra fluid. As a result, your body flushes the waste out as urine. The most common causes of chronic kidney disease are diabetes and high blood pressure. If your blood vessels contain a high concentration of sugar and cholesterol, the nephrons would take the exhaustive work. In the long run, if you keep eating unhealthy food, the kidney could no longer catch up. Thus, resulting to chronic kidney disease.
<u>Answer:</u>
The “wheelchair belt” mechanism is the most important mechanism to have on the wheel chair.
<u>Explanation:</u>
- As the patient have very poor control over his trunk so a belt will be perfect to prevent him from falling out of the wheelchair anytime.
- The other options doesn’t make much of important sense than a belt for the patient with muscular dystrophy needs, especially when lost control over the extremities.
- The wheelchair belt will help him in staying in the wheelchair freely without risk of falling off.
