When the body is exposed to allergens or irritants, it will trigger the immune systems through different mechanism. However, the common pathway would result to multi-cellular inflammation, enhanced bronchial responsiveness, airflow obstruction and activation of immunological cell infiltration. Here, the inflammatory cell infiltrate are composed of varying amounts of eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes.
Moreover, T cells in the lung appear to orchestrate an immune response with a strong T helper type 2 (Th2) component when allergens drive the process.
Answer:
"I should avoid giving my child fruit juice after 4:00 pm."
"I should encourage my child to drink lots of water during the day."
"I should wake my child at the same time every night to use the bathroom."
Explanation:
Nocturnal enuresis is a disorder characterized by involuntary loss of urine during sleep at least twice a week in children from the age of five who have no organ problems in the urinary system. This condition, popularly known as bed wetting, affects about 15% of children around age five; 7% at ten and 3% at 12 years. The incidence is higher in boys than in girls. Parents of children can take some measures to reduce the incidence of bed wetting, among these measures we can mention:
- avoid drinking liquids after 4:00 pm
- drink a lot of water during the day
- use the bathroom at the same time every night
Explanation:
-infectious
-microscopic
-specific to their host
-can't reproduce on their own (this is why they are not considered alive)
-no organells or membranes. just a protein coat and genetic material
-3 basic shapes: helical , polyhedral , and comples
