The "substrate" of the integrated circuit is super-pure silicon.
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Wolfram is known as Tungsten in English (Tungsten's symbol is a W).
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I think the limitation is that the electrons in the Bohr model are only in certain energy levels and that they orbit the nucleus.
It's been a while since I was in a physical science class so I'm not sure about the rest but I wish you luck! I hope this helps a little bit!
Answer: a)
1.99 x 10⁻⁹N
b) Electric force is 1.24 x 10³⁶ times larger than gravitational force
Explanation: <u>Electric</u> <u>Force</u> is an interaction between two charges at a distance. It is calculated as

k is electric constant that values 9 x 10⁹N.m²/C²
q and Q are the quantity of charges
r is distance between the charges
a) For the two protons, charge = 1.602 x 10⁻¹⁹C:

1.99 x 10⁻⁹ N
Magnitude of electric force between 2 protons is 1.99 x 10⁻⁹ N and it is repulsive because they are both positive
<u>Gravitational</u> <u>Force</u> is the force of attraction that acts between all materials.
It is proportional to the object's masses and inversely proportional to their squared distance:

G is gravitational constant that values G = 6.67 x 10⁻¹¹ N.m²/kg²
b) For the two protons, m = 1.67 x 10⁻²⁷kg

1.61 x 10⁻⁴⁵N
Comparing electrical and gravitational forces:

1.24 x 10³⁶
This shows that electrical force is <u>1.24 x 10³⁶</u> times greater than gravitational force.
Noise from highways are a significant issue. particularly for those who live close to the highway
Answer:
Explanation:
On the rod , three forces are acting .
1 ) its weight from the middle point .
2 ) Tension in the wire in the horizontal direction
3 ) reaction force by the hinge which balances the other two forces
Now taking moment of forces acting on the rod about the hinge
and equating opposite moment
3.7 x 9.8 x .6 x cos 25 = T x .51 ( T is tension in the horizontal wire)
T = 38.6 N
a )
The horizontal component of the force exerted on the rod by the hinge
will balance the tension in the wire acting in horizontal direction so it will be equal to
38.6 N
b ) The vertical component of the force exerted on the rod by the hinge
will balance the weight of rod so it will be equal to
3.7 x 9.8 N
= 36.26. N
=