If a material has a high index of refraction, it has a 1 low optical density, and light travels more slowly through it. . high o
1 answer:
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K is the slope of the line formed by connecting the points.
Use slope formula:
where the 2 points are the end points of the line (First and last going Left to right)
Substitute into slope formula
You can check if this is correct by going back to graph and going "up 7" and "over 2" to get from one point to the next.
Use slope formula:
where the 2 points are the end points of the line (First and last going Left to right)
Substitute into slope formula
You can check if this is correct by going back to graph and going "up 7" and "over 2" to get from one point to the next.
To find:
(a) Equation for the sphere of radius 5 centered at the origin in cylindrical coordinates
(b) Equation for a cylinder of radius 1 centered at the origin and running parallel to the z-axis in spherical coordinates
Solution:
(a) The equation of a sphere with center at (a, b, c) & having a radius 'p' is given in cartesian coordinates as:
Here, it is given that the center of the sphere is at origin, i.e., at (0,0,0) & radius of the sphere is 5. That is, here we have,
That is, the equation of the sphere in cartesian coordinates is,
Now, the cylindrical coordinate system is represented by
The relation between cartesian and cylindrical coordinates is given by,
Thus, the obtained equation of the sphere in cartesian coordinates can be rewritten in cylindrical coordinates as,
This is the required equation of the given sphere in cylindrical coordinates.
(b) A cylinder is defined by the circle that gives the top and bottom faces or alternatively, the cross section, & it's axis. A cylinder running parallel to the z-axis has an axis that is parallel to the z-axis. The equation of such a cylinder is given by the equation of the circle of cross-section with the assumption that a point in 3 dimension lying on the cylinder has 'x' & 'y' values satisfying the equation of the circle & that 'z' can be any value.
That is, in cartesian coordinates, the equation of a cylinder running parallel to the z-axis having radius 'p' with center at (a, b) is given by,
Here, it is given that the center is at origin & radius is 1. That is, here, we have, . Then the equation of the cylinder in cartesian coordinates is,
Now, the spherical coordinate system is represented by
The relation between cartesian and spherical coordinates is given by,
Thus, the equation of the cylinder can be rewritten in spherical coordinates as,
(As
)
Note that represents the distance of a point from the origin, which is always positive.
represents the angle made by the line segment joining the point with z-axis. The range of
is given as
. We know that in this range the sine function is positive. Thus, we can say that
is always positive.
Thus, we can square root both sides and only consider the positive root as,
This is the required equation of the cylinder in spherical coordinates.
Final answer:
(a) The equation of the given sphere in cylindrical coordinates is
(b) The equation of the given cylinder in spherical coordinates is