Answer:
negative sanction
Explanation:
Sanctions can be defined as the means of enforcing rules.
Sanctions can be positive as well as negative.
A sanction is said to be positive when rewards are given for conforming to norms. Getting a promotion at work is a positive sanction for working hard.
Negative sanctions on the other hand are punishments given to people for violating norms. Being arrested is a punishment for shoplifting. Both types of sanctions play a role in social control.
We also have formal and informal sanctions.
Formal sanctions are the official ways to recognize and enforce violation of norms. In the event a student violates her college’s code of conduct, for example, she might be expelled. When an employee speaks inappropriately to the boss, he could be fired.
The fact that Sasha, who is a student in a sociology class, he was deducted points for his research paper for not citing a famous study done five years ago that was nearly identical to the research he conducted means that she should have done the step: review the evidence/literature more carefully.
By doing literature review Sasha will have shown that she has an in-depth grasp of her subject and that she understands where her research fits into.
B. All adult male citizens
In the earlier days of the world, people believed witches existed usually they would burn these so called witches alive
