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Answer: d) Relative deprivation.
Explanation:
Relative deprivation is defined as the process in which a person tends to compares himself/herself with other person or group of individuals that should also persist. Resources like lifestyle, food, wealth, career etc is relatively expected by person to have rather than others as it is admired in the society.
According to the question, Andrew's response of getting frustrated after comparing his life status with other customer's life as he also wanted the amenities and resources in his life is due to relative deprivation. He think he has poor and worse circumstance than other.
Other options are incorrect because collective efficacy, expectations that have not been met and deprived gratification is not the way of comparison done by a person with other and perceive own situation as worst. Thus, the correct option is option(d).
The key difference between first and second industrial revolution is that the first industrial revolution was centered on Textiles, steam power, and iron while the second was centered on steel, railroads, petroleum, chemicals and electricity.
I would say democracy for this time of the period.
The correct answer is negatively reinforced.
Negative reinforcement refers to a learning process whereby a behavior or response is reinforced and much more likely to be repeated in the future if a negative outcome is avoided or removed as a result of performing the behavior. In this instance, Brian's avoidance of singing is being negatively reinforced because avoiding singing is removing his feelings of anxiety associated with singing and being in the spotlight.