Consider the ammonolysis of benzoyl chloride by adding concentrated ammonium hydroxide to form the final product, benzamide. Rea
ction scheme of benzoyl chloride with cold, conc. ammonium hydroxide over ther reaction arrow, and benzamide, hydrochloric acid, and water as products. Calculate the molar mass of the reactant and product. Report molar masses to 1 decimal place. Molar mass of benzoyl chloride g / mol Molar mass of benzamide g / mol
1 answer:
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Answer:
0.33 mol/kg NH₃
Explanation:
Data:
b(NH₃) = 0.33 mol/kg
b(Na₂SO₄) = 0.10 mol/ kg
Calculations:
The formula for the boiling point elevation ΔTb is
i is the van’t Hoff factor — the number of moles of particles you get from a solute.
(a) For NH₃,
The ammonia is a weak electrolyte, so it exists almost entirely as molecules in solution.
1 mol NH₃ ⟶ 1 mol particles
i ≈ 1, and ib = 1 × 0.33 = 0.33 mol particles per kilogram of water
(b) For Na₂SO₄,
Na₂SO₄(aq) ⟶ 2Na⁺(aq) + 2SO₄²⁻(aq)
1 mol Na₂SO₄ ⟶ 3 mol particles
i = 1 and ib = 3 × 0.10 = 0.30 mol particles per kilogram of water
The NH₃ has more moles of particles, so it has the higher boiling point.