Answer:
Living most of his life in Britain during the Industrialization period, Karl Marx noted that the only party who is benefiting from capitalism is Bourgeoisie (Those who own means of productions) not the Proletariat (workers who sell their labor for wages) as he looked at the society which was in contradiction, that is " In the country so rich, how could so many people be so poor ". He in that context blamed capitalism for creating alienation.
Explanation:
He defined Alienation as '<em>the experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness</em>'. Further, Karl Marx also noted that Proletariat (workers) are nothing more than a source of labor to the capitalist as they can be fired and hired at the will of those capitalists. And said that Capitalism has also made human a machine as they cannot learn much from it because they do sets of repeating similar tasks every day as from day 1 which is also nowadays referred to specialization (getting good at one skill) and results in dissatisfaction of workers and increase their powerlessness (the feeling that they have little or no control over their situation).
There are 4 types of alienation resulted from capitalism.
- Alienation from products of work: Marx argued that as more efforts a worker put in manufacturing the particular product the more he gets away from it because the product which these workers produce doesn't belong to them they belong to the people who own the resources i.e Capitalists and they sell it to gain profit.
- Alienation from other workers: Since specialization has created a never-ending cycle of doing the same tasks everyday workers engage in them so deeply that they don't even realize that someone else is working as well in the same field. Workers don't have a sincere bond between them. A good example of this would a big factory where there are many departments and the worker of the marketing department doesn't get to know the worker in the management department.
- Alienation from human potential: As stated in the first paragraph that capitalism ruins the Gains of the job ( Learning, enjoying, satisfaction ) so the worker doesn't relate to it or is satisfied with it rather he is just fulfilling the requirement of the capitalist i-e producing. In result, he doesn't care for his health or just feels exhausted while trying hard to earn personal and little incentives.
- Alienation from the act of working: Since workers don't have any say in how to make, what to make, they are not satisfied with the way what they work and have become machines.
Answer:
b. rise and thereby decrease aggregate demand.
Explanation:
When the economic growth is negatively far away from the potential level, it means destruction and missing development and it starts recession period on the economy. This period will show falling GDP, falling incomes.
In Recession,
- Real GDP , aggregate demand and national output will fall dramatically
- Unemployment will soar to the top, there will be the problem how to find job
- Inflation rates besides the cases above will tend to decrease because there will be lower demand in the economy as well.
- The government will also increase its debts because of expansionary fiscal policy and automatic stabilizers (the government will tend spend more on unemployment benefits)
- Asset prices will decrease because of less demand
- Interest rates will be cut off by central banks due to the aims of stimulating the economy
- Investments will also drop by businesses
-Taxes will tend to increase and needs some expansionary fiscal policy to decrease it
Answer:
Directive
Explanation:
Under directive style of leadership, a leader's approach is more of commanding and directive in nature in the sense, the leader will assign tasks and issue directions with respect to how those tasks are to be executed.
This approach is more formal and works in an environment where the job of the subordinates does not require specialization. So in such cases, the subordinates need to be guided and commanded in order to avoid uncertainty in task execution.
In the given case, Timothy is focused upon maintaining clarity with respect to direction and the performance of tasks. His leadership style incorporates quick decision making, focusing upon short term targets.
This is an example of directive form of leadership.
Answer: Net Pension liability of $29 million
Explanation:
A net pension liability will be reported when the obligations of the employer which is the Projected benefit obligation, exceeds the Plan assets because the company has less resources than required to satisfy its obligations.
A net pension asset will be when the Projected Benefit Obligation (PBO) is less than the Plan assets.
In this case, there will be a Net pension liability of;
= PBO - Plan assets
= 75 - 46
= $29 million
Answer:
C. freely operating economy in which all markets are perfectly competitive.
Explanation:
When we have a lot of producers and many consumers in an economy, the best way to achieve an efficient allocation of resources is to have a freely operating economy in which all markets are perfectly competitive.
- In such a free economy, demand for goods and services are not controlled.
- The consumers behavior towards purchasing will determine if producers should allocate more resources to a production process or not.
- It is better to make such market competitive without interfering into how resources are managed and dispensed.
