Answer:
Virus enters into the host cell through a process called endocytosis.
Explanation:
Endocytosis is a process in which molecule enters into the cell through cell membrane. Virus also enter into the host cell through this process. After entering, the virus starts replication and grow in numbers inside the host cell and take nutrients from it which is used in the process of reproduction. When virus population increases, it cause infection to the neighboring cells.
None of the choices are correct
Answer:
thermodynamically unstable but kinetically stable.
Explanation:
The complete question is as follows:
Under physiological conditions, peptide bond formation and degradation both require enzymes, but only formation requires coupling to GTP hydrolysis. Based on this information, peptide bonds under physiological conditions are:
A. both thermodynamically and kinetically stable.
B.thermodynamically unstable but kinetically stable.
C.thermodynamically stable but kinetically unstable.
D. both thermodynamically and kinetically unstable.
- The term thermodynamically unstable refers to the fact that the peptide bonds are prone to breakage under physiological conditions.
- The reason why one can conclude the thermodynamic instability of the peptide bonds under physiological condition is that there is a need for a source of energy i.e. GTP hydrolysis for the formation of the peptide bond.
- The fact that the breakage of peptide does not require any input of energy but the only formation does confirms the fact that under physiological conditions they are thermodynamically unstable.
- Even though they are thermodynamically unstable, they are kinetically stable because both the formation and degradation require enzymes.
- The function of enzymes is to decrease the activation energy and hence, increase the rate of reaction. This means that if the enzymes are absent the rate of breakage of peptide bonds would be really slow this points out to the fact that they are kinetically stable under physiological conditions.
Answer:
A) Cytoplasm
B) Chloroplast
C) Plasma membrane
D) Cell membrane
E) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum & Rough endoplasmic reticulum
F) Cell wall
Explanation:
Look at the picture below
252 Ma<span> (million years)
Please give brainliest
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